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THE HISTORICAL AVANT-GARDES
This term is used to indicate the groups of artists who at the beginning of the 20th century contributed to a radical transformation of artistic language: the Fauves and Cubists in Paris (Matisse, Derain, Vlaminck, Picasso, and Braque), Expressionists in Germany (the Brücke group in Dresden and Berlin with Kirchner, Heckel, Schmidt-Rottluff); the Blaue Reiter group in Munich (Kandinsky, Klee, Marc, Macke), the Futurists in Italy, Rayonists and Suprematists in Russia (Goncharova, Larionov, Malevich), and Vorticists in England (Bomberg, Epstein, Gaudier-Brzeska, Lewis, Nevinson, Roberts).

Con questo termine si indicano i gruppi artistici che all’inizio del Novecento contribuiscono a una radicale trasformazione del linguaggio artistico: fauve e cubisti a Parigi (Matisse, Derain, Vlaminck, Picasso e Braque), espressionisti in Germania (il gruppo della Brücke a Dresda e Berlino con Kirchner, Heckel, Schmidt-Rottluff); il gruppo del Blaue Reiter a Monaco (Kandinsky, Klee, Marc, Macke), il Futurists in Italia, raggisti e suprematisti in Russia (Goncarova, Larionov, Malevic), vorticisti in Inghilterra (Bomberg, Epstein, Gaudier-Brzeska, Lewis, Nevinson, Roberts).